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API GL-4/GL-5 Specification

API is an abbreviation for "American Petroleum Institute", which sets performance standards for lubricants. The specification designated as GL, from "Gear Lubricant", classifies oils intended for gears. The numbers 4 and 5 then define the specific performance level. GL-4 oils are intended for manual transmissions and axles with moderately loaded hypoid gears. They contain additives for wear protection under medium loads. In contrast, the GL-5 specification is intended for highly loaded hypoid gears in axles that operate under demanding conditions. GL-5 oils therefore contain significantly more so-called extreme pressure (EP) additives, most often based on sulfur and phosphorus. These additives can be aggressive towards non-ferrous metals, such as brass or bronze, from which synchronizer rings in manual transmissions are made. An oil bearing the combined designation GL-4/GL-5 is designed to meet the extreme pressure protection requirements of the GL-5 standard, but at the same time has an additive composition adjusted so as not to damage sensitive non-ferrous metal parts requiring the GL-4 standard. It is a universal type of oil for specific applications.

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