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Narrow directional (hypercardioid) microphones

Narrow directional or hypercardioid microphones are designed to pick up sound primarily from one particular direction. Their directional characteristic, which is essentially the area from which the microphone best picks up sound, is even narrower than that of more conventional cardioid microphones. As a result, they can very effectively suppress unwanted sounds coming from the sides. This makes them a tool for situations where one sound source needs to be isolated from ambient noise or other instruments. Unlike cardioid microphones, which are least sensitive directly behind, the hypercardioid microphone has a small sensitive area behind as well. It is therefore highly sensitive to sound coming from the front, almost deaf to sounds coming from the sides, but it also picks up a small portion of sound coming directly from behind. In practice, they are used, for example, in film and video shooting, where they are placed on a long pole, the so-called "boom", and pointed at the mouths of the actors to isolate their dialogue from environmental noise. On stage during live performances, they help to pick up a particular instrument or singer to minimise crosstalk from other sound sources. However, care must be taken in the placement of the stage pickups so that they do not point directly at the rear sensitive part of the microphone and cause feedback.

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