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Optical microscope

An optical microscope is a device that uses visible light and a system of lenses to magnify the image of small objects that would not be possible to observe with the naked eye. Its basic principle consists in light from a source passing through the observed sample, technically called a "specimen," which is placed on a stage. The light then enters the system of lenses. The first lens, called the objective, creates a magnified and real image. This image is further magnified by a second lens, the eyepiece, through which the user looks. The total magnification of the microscope is determined by the product of the magnification of the objective and the eyepiece. The image is focused using focusing knobs, where the coarse adjustment knob is used for rough distance adjustment and the fine adjustment knob for delicate and precise focusing. A key property of an optical microscope is not only magnification but also resolution. This determines how close two points can be to each other while still being seen separately. This ability is physically limited by the wavelength of light, and therefore structures smaller than approximately 200 nanometers, such as viruses, cannot be observed with an optical microscope. The device is used to observe cells, tissues, microorganisms, and surface details of various materials.

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