A piezoelectric pulse is a specific type of electrical signal that the irrigation system controller sends to control special solenoid valves. These valves, often referred to as "bistable" or latching valves, differ from standard valves in that they do not require a constant supply of electrical power to remain in the open or closed position. Instead, they only need one short electrical discharge to switch between the two states. Thus, the controller sends one pulse to open the valve and the valve remains open without further power consumption. To close it, the unit then sends another one, usually with the opposite polarity. The name itself is derived from the piezoelectric effect, whereby the valve mechanism uses a material that changes its shape when an electrical impulse is received, thereby causing the mechanical movement required to open or close the water flow. This technology makes valve control very energy efficient, which is particularly advantageous for battery-powered control units as it significantly extends their lifetime.