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Resistance heating

Resistance heating is the basic principle on which most electric soldering irons work. It uses the physical phenomenon whereby the passage of an electric current through the material resisting it converts electrical energy into heat. Inside the soldering iron is a special component called a "heating element". This body is made of a material with a high electrical resistance. When you plug the soldering iron into the mains, current starts to flow through this heating element. Because the material of the body "resists" the passage of current, it becomes intensely heated. The heat generated is then conducted directly into the metal soldering tip, which is thus heated to the temperature required to melt the solder. The design of the soldering iron ensures that the heat transfer from the body to the tip is as efficient as possible. This method of heating is used both in simple soldering irons without regulation and in soldering stations, where the temperature is monitored by a sensor and the electronics switch the current supply to the body on and off as required to maintain a precisely set tip temperature.

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