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Shank milling cutters

Shank clamping describes the way in which the cutter, i.e. the cutting tool, is clamped in the spindle of the machine tool. Each shank milling cutter has a part for cutting and a part for clamping, called the "shank". This shank is usually cylindrical in shape and is made with high precision to ensure a firm and coaxial connection with the tool holder, the so-called chuck. The main purpose of this connection is to transfer the rotational motion and force from the machine spindle to the cutter, while ensuring that the tool rotates without unwanted oscillation or vibration, technically known as 'chatter'. Too much runout leads to inaccurate workpiece dimensions, poor surface quality and faster tool wear. The most common type is the smooth cylindrical shank, which is clamped by clamping, most commonly in collet chucks. A collet is essentially a sleeve that, when tightened, evenly encircles and firmly clamps the tool shank. There are also specialized types of shanks, such as the so-called "Weldon flat" shank. This is a cylindrical shank that has one or more ground flats on its surface. A set screw is then screwed into the chuck designed for this system and rests on this plate, thus preventing not only the cutter from rotating under heavy loads, but also its axial displacement, i.e. pulling out of the chuck during machining. The choice of the correct shank type and the corresponding chuck is therefore determined by the type of machining operation and the required accuracy.

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